Research methodology design and process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Research methodology design and process - Essay Example In this context, the need for research in nursing is no longer just driven by the epistemological requirement of the field, but it is also necessitated by the perceived need for policies that will enhance patient satisfaction. In this regard, this paper will look into research and research methodology as it is adopted in some studies within nursing. This paper will be divided in to six sections. The first part is the introduction. This section presents the focus of the paper as well as the structure of the entire study. The second segment deals with the identification of the area, which is to be researched or audited and the justification for the choice of the topic. This part will present the rationale behind the chosen topic for the research. The third part will be discussing the search strategy used in identifying sources of research. Continuing, the fourth part will deal with the research methods adopted by some studies within nursing regarding the issue of nursing led care in ca ncer health services. The fifth part will look into the impact of the selected studies to the field of nursing. Finally, the sixth section will present some research suggestions pertinent to the topic chosen. At the end of the paper, a better understanding of the rudiments of research and research methodology as it is adopted and applied in nursing is attained. 2. The Identification of the Topic and the Justification for the Choice As the field of nursing is wide and various issues are being raised, the researcher decided to look into the topic of nurse led care in cancer with focus on adult patient’s satisfaction. There are several reasons that prodded the researcher to prefer this topic over other concerns that are encountered in the field of nursing. These are (1) the researcher is working as an oncology nurse. This is the primary reason why the researcher has opted to work on the topic nurse led care among adult cancer patients and patient satisfaction. My experiences in work serve as a motivation to understand further the extent of patient satisfaction among adult cancer patients, especially when it is nurse led. (2) Another reason is that there is an increasing awareness among patients regarding the importance of their perception pertinent to their health care (Kleeberg et al., 2008; Williams and Healty 1998). Since, knowing patient satisfaction will help in developing approaches that will further improve their predicament. Patient satisfaction is crucial for cancer patients as they are vulnerated not only by the cancer, but they are made vulnerable byseveral psychological, emotional, and educational challenges (McClement and Hack, 1999; Stiefel and Rafazi 1994; van Gruenigen et al., 2006). Accordingly, there is a constant necessity to know cancer patients’ satisfaction in order to provide them with the appropriate health care they need as they deal with their illness. Finally, (3) recent developments in biomedicine have helped patients in gaining better chances in dealing with their cancer. However, the developments in biomedicine also carry with it increasing complexity. In this regard, there is a need to know patient satisfaction of adult cancer patients as they face not only their illness, but also the complex health care services they use (Lis et al., 2009). As there is a perceived necessity in apprehending patient satisf

Youth sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Youth sports - Essay Example The highlighted that youth sports are very important for the social skills development, where the youngsters interact with other individuals and are the best way to make friends as well as acquaintances. It does not only help them in interacting with other socially, but at the same time gives them a sense of belonging and unity as well. Apart from the social benefits, the physical advantages are also great where the athletic youngsters mature and grow in physique and body composition in a better manner in comparison to the non athletic youngsters. The normal structural growth of the body and the bones has to be supported by the proper physical exerting activities and exercise has proved itself to be the best way for the improvement of the bone width and the mineralization. (Volkwein-Caplan, K. A. E., 2009) Most importantly, the benefits of the youth sports is not only limited to the development of the physique and the social skills, but the physical activities lead to the psychological advantages for the youngsters as well. Sports give these youngsters a sense of accomplishment and achievement where they start believing in their abilities and their talent. Winning is associated with the motivation and even participating at some level gives them a fair opportunity to build confidence. The psychological advantages associated with the youth sports are very important, but at the same time the personality traits and characteristics are also nourished and expanded. The sense of belonging to a team makes the youngsters self disciplined individuals and they do not only commit themselves to a certain team but in order to strive for success, they put in a lot of hard work to practice sessions and then succeed at the end of the day. (Volkwein-Caplan, K. A. E., 2009) The development of confidence plays a vital role and the challenging training sessions is

Current state of the US economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current state of the US economy - Essay Example The world always closely observes the political and economical spheres of the US. Undoubtedly, the waves in the US economy are reflected throughout the world economy. But the global recession which marked its beginning in December 2007 was a huge setback to their undisputed leadership in the world economy. US economy was deplorably affected by the global recession of 2008. The subprime mortgage crisis was the sole cause of this recession. A huge fall in housing related assets resulted in a global financial crisis. Oil and food prices went up like anything. This eventually went to the collapse of a number of financial enterprises like Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and AIG etc. Automobile industry was also badly struck. It was a period of scrambled economic activity and negative expansion in GDP. The aftermaths of the late 2000s recession brought about overwhelming downfall in almost all phases of the economy. Contraction of GDP began in the third quarter of 2008 and was contracting rapidly by early 2009. Capital investment declined to the lowest rate in 50 years. As a result, the US had to face political instability as well. Decline in consumer credit, real estate bubbles, personal bankruptcies etc put the US economy into turmoil during this period. The GDP decline was about 5.1%. The US government announced a $700 billion bank bailout and $787 billion fiscal stimulus package to tackle the situation. The US was also struck by the draining of capital investment to developing countries like India and China which were not deeply affected by this recession. Government measures could not yield many results initially, but the economy started to regain its stability gradually, though in a slow pace. A poll by Reuters says that more than 50% of the Americans think that US is still in recession (Reuters polls). But according to official data of Bureau of Labour Statistics, a modest recovery is taking

Essay/Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

/Memo - Essay Example nt of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work, Mother Theresa has left an important legacy of humanism and self-sacrifice after years working to better humanity (Clucas, 1998). Mother Theresa was first and foremost a Christian who believed in the spread of the Gospel and the eternal redemption of the poor through the word of Christ. She was a humanist who left her native Albania to tend to the sick, frail and the poor and established an international charitable organization which sought to administer to the sick and dying around the world. Mother Theresa was known for her selflessness and the charitable nature of her life. Kindness and self-sacrifice were virtues that she lived by. Mother Theresa worked tirelessly to help others and based her life upon the compassionate teachings of Christ. A humanist in the truest sense, Mother Theresa tended to the poorest of the poor, irrespective of ethnic or racial differences. According to the Mother Theresa Center in Calcutta, India, Mother Theresa had the following to say about her worldview, â€Å"By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, I am Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.† (Mother Theresa Center, 2009). Internal characteristics which Mother Theresa came to embody included a universalism which was not often understood in the context of the middle of the 20th century, an eternal compassion for the suffering of others and a call to duty to spread the word of God through help and self-sacrifice. Although she committed herself to a life of self-sacrifice and poverty, Mother Theresa’s charities were international in scope and established throughout the world. She worked with terminally ill patients and those inflicted with the scourge of leprosy in India while operating ministries in more than 100 countries by the late twentieth-century (Williams, 2002). Mother Theresa was a compassionate and

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PW) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) Essay

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PW) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Essay Example Either endogenous or exogenous tracers (that is, either native or non-native) can be utilized to regulate haemodynamic quantities, for instance blood movement, blood capacity, and the average time it consumes for the tracer molecule to go through the tissue, or the average transit time. (Luypaert et al., 2001) 1-Exogenous tracer for example gadolinium 2- Utilizing arterial body fluid as an endogenous tracer. 2- Exogenous tracers Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) utilizing exogenous tracers confu on magnetic vulnerability and inflow influences to get haemodynamic stats. An exogenous tracer such as gadolinium (in the compound Gd-DTPA or gadolinium diethyltriamine pentaacetate) can be inoculated into the venous mechanism (Luypaert et al., 2001). There is a temporary signal loss as the gadolinium perfuse through the tissues, which can be trailed by MRI. Gd-DTPA is paramagnetic; consequently a change in susceptibility happens between capillaries comprising gadolinium and the nearby tissues . This consequences in robust field gradients in the vicinity of the vessel barriers, bringing to straight signal phasing out in both gradient echo illustrations and diffusion-mediated in spin echo illustrations. Simulation Figure 1: Graphic summary of perfusion-weighted MRI procedure when utilizing intravascular tracers Figure 1 Simulation Figure 2 reveals perfusion-weighted illustrations as gadolinium goes through the brain. There is a postponement before the bolus of tracer blowouts the tissue. As it initializes to rinse through, the signal reduces. As it goes out, the signal returns to normal. Figure 2 Gd appear like to an exogenous tracer that is inoculated into the blood stream and trailed serially with T2*EPI. A signal loss is persuaded every time that GD goes through the capacity of concentration due to the susceptibility influences from the paramagnetic tracer. As it goes through the vessels, a strong gradient is created at the vessel boundaries, which hints to a decrease o f the signal. This damage of signal is proportionate to the concentration of gadolinum. The signal versus time curve can be utilized to make the concentration time curve, which is deconvoluted to get haemodyamic outcomes such as blood movement, blood capacity, and average transit time. Dynamic imaging takes benefit of passing variations in the resident magnetic arena of the adjacent tissue persuaded by a bolus of paramagnetic tracer going through the tissue capillary system. These variations in the native magnetic field can be dignified as signal variation on Magnetic Resonance imaging. Ultrafast illustration methodologies, for example echo planar and helical MR imaging, permit the correct dimension of quickly changing signal variations that are because of the principal permit of the bolus with satisfactory time-based resolution which less than 2 seconds for exposure of the whole brain (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999). Signal time progress stats can then be transformed to com parative tracer tissue absorption time progression info. Tracer application time curvatures can then be examined to regulate numerous tissue hemodynamic factors, for example tissue blood capacity, blood movement, transportation time, and bolus

PQI Management of Suppliers Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PQI Management of Suppliers - Article Example Therefore, Tier 1 suppliers should maintain the relationship with PQI. Tier 2 suppliers have the capability to maintain stable supply in the region. It also has strong technical support, and production management ability. Due to this, PQI should continue working with Tier 2 to supply its products in the region. Tier 3 suppliers have low competitive prices, and less ability to produce quality products. PQI should issue warning to Tier 3 suppliers. If the numbers of local customers continue to reduce, PQI should cease working with Tier 3 suppliers and pursue new suppliers. It should share the assessment results because this will enable the suppliers to realize their weakness and improve. This will also enable PQI to keep close relationship with all the suppliers because it wants to take advantage of any technology that might arise. Further, it will be able to minimize on production costs. For instance, maintaining close working relationship with Tier 3 implied that production of die products by a skilled company would play a vital role in assisting PQI to bring new products to the market at a low production cost. 4- The purchasing manager has narrowed its choice of potential supplier for the rush order from the new customer to A, B, and C. If you were Wang, which supplier would you recommend that the purchasing manager place the order with? Explain

A study of traffic noise affecting residential building along Essay

A study of traffic noise affecting residential building along expressways - Essay Example (Wiberg, Mardh, 2008). Hong Kong can be considered as one of the densest cities in the world facing traffic noises issues especially with the growth in the economy leading to the demand for housing and transportation. Different people react differently to the level of noise. However, at certain level, noise starts affecting everyone in the form of irritating and frustrating people (Environmental Protection Department (2006). Noises can also affect the daily activities of life like watching television, talking over the telephone and doing household chores. Just like any other metropolitan city; Hong Kong also faces noise issues and more than 1 million people have been affected by it in last few years. (Amundsen, Klaeboe, 2005) Excess traffic noises can be considered as the major reason behind the noise pollution that is mainly because of the poor planning leading to cramped development of residential properties alongside the highways (Crawshaw, 2008) Moreover, the growth and developme nt in 80s and 90s marked serious noise pollutions along with a rise in residential properties and constructions. ... With land paucity, constructors are forced to look for lands that are outside the city and next to expressways. However, living alongside the expressways has its own disadvantages in the form of being exposed to high level of traffic sounds at wee hours along with getting affected by heavy vehicles sounds. The government cannot stop the movement of vehicles on expressways and therefore is bound to look for other options that can help residents to bear with the increasing traffic sound on expressways (Wiberg, Mardh, 2008) The government can improve the quality of roads along but the numbers of cars, lorries and trucks increase during nights that affect the sleep pattern of people considering the sound created by moving vehicles. The concept of low noise road surfacing can be considered as an option to mitigate the level of noise pollution but the concept requires time and research to be implemented and more importantly it requires huge investment considering the number of highways in Hong Kong. As per the information collected from the website of HKSAR Government, it was found that a number of flyovers and expressways cut though the main district of the city and people living beside such flyovers and expressways have been greatly affected by the traffic noise in last few years. The government stated that because of the previously built flyovers and expressways and currently developed urban areas, there have been some serious concerns over the quality of life among residents. Despite the introduction of planning standards and the Environmental Impact Assessment, there cannot be done anything that will reduce the level of traffic noises instantly (HKSAR Government (2012) 2.0 BACKGROUND TO THE